Human head shapes7/23/2023 ![]() There are over twenty whole and partial body image-based models of adults reported in the literature. Anatomical models have also been used to calculate the energy absorption and temperature increase in tissues exposed to electromagnetic fields, to calculate the current densities generated by low-frequency exposure, to assess the biomechanical behavior of the musculoskeletal system, as well as in design and investigation of the underlying mechanisms of transcranial focused ultrasound. Complex models of human anatomy have been used for dosimetric purposes to compute the tissue absorption from external ionizing radiation sources and internally deposited radioactive sources by tissues. Furthermore, computational modeling and simulations offer access to full three-dimensional (3D) data and quantities that can be hard to access by experimental measurement. Modeling contributes to the creation of personalized medicine, as it facilitates disease diagnosis, planning of pharmaceutical and surgical interventions, predicting treatment outcomes, and optimizing clinical treatment. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭomputational modeling is being increasingly used by industry, government, and academia to complement experimental testing for safety and efficacy of medical devices. Food and Drug Administration’s Critical Path Initiative, in part by CTI (14930.1 PFLS-LS), and in part by the Research Participation Program at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. įunding: This research was supported in part by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the National Institutes of Health (1R21EB016449-01A1), in part by the U.S. Inquires regarding this model may be sent to Atlas-based thalamic nuclei (Digitalized Morel Atlas) data from ETH Zurich are from the following paper: Jakab A, Blanc R, Berényi E, Székely G Generation of Individualized Thalamus Target Maps by Using Statistical Shape Models and Thalamocortical Tractography. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedicationĭata Availability: The MIDA model data are available from (DOI: 10.13099/ViP-MIDA-V1.0.). This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. Received: JAccepted: MaPublished: April 22, 2015 PLoS ONE 10(4):Īcademic Editor: Sune Nørhøj Jespersen, Aarhus University, DENMARK (2015) MIDA: A Multimodal Imaging-Based Detailed Anatomical Model of the Human Head and Neck. The voxel- and the surface-based versions of the models are freely available to the scientific community.Ĭitation: Iacono MI, Neufeld E, Akinnagbe E, Bower K, Wolf J, Vogiatzis Oikonomidis I, et al. The suitability of the model to simulations involving different numerical methods, discretization approaches, as well as DTI-based tensorial electrical conductivity, was examined in a case-study, in which the electric field was generated by transcranial alternating current stimulation. A special automatic atlas-based segmentation procedure was adopted to include a detailed map of the nuclei of the thalamus and midbrain into the head model. The model offers also a detailed characterization of eyes, ears, and deep brain structures. The unique multimodal high-resolution approach allowed resolving 153 structures, including several distinct muscles, bones and skull layers, arteries and veins, nerves, as well as salivary glands. The model was obtained by integrating three different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities, the parameters of which were tailored to enhance the signals of specific tissues: i) structural T1- and T2-weighted MRIs a specific heavily T2-weighted MRI slab with high nerve contrast optimized to enhance the structures of the ear and eye ii) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data to image the vasculature, and iii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain information on anisotropy and fiber orientation. We have developed a multimodal imaging-based detailed anatomical model of the human head and neck, named “MIDA”. Multiple voxel- and surface-based whole- and partial-body models have been proposed in the literature, typically with spatial resolution in the range of 1–2 mm and with 10–50 different tissue types resolved. ![]() Computational modeling and simulations are increasingly being used to complement experimental testing for analysis of safety and efficacy of medical devices.
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